Thermal Physics

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Lectures

  • Lecture 0. [Invitation to Heat & Thermodynamics]
  • Lecture 1. [Transport Properties of Gases]
  • Lecture 2. [Viscosity and conductivity]
  • Lecture 3. [Diffusion & Brownian Motion]
  • Lecture 4. [Conduction]
  • Lecture 5. [Radiation]
  • Lecture 6. [Maxwell Relations]
  • Lecture 7. [Joule-Thomson Effect]
  • Lecture 8. [Thermodynamic Potentials]
  • Lecture 9. [Phase Equilibria]

Numerical Problems

Remarks

  1. Shannon's 1948 paper on entropy: PartI-2 Page-4 (The Discrete Source Of Information) .

Topics

      Kinetic Theory of Gases
  1. Transport Phenomena in Ideal Gas: Viscosity, thermal conductivity and diffusion. Brownian motion and its significance (Langevin approach).
  2. Conduction of Heat: Thermal conductivity and diffusivity. Variable and steady state. Fourier's equation for heat conduction and its solution for rectilinear heat flow.
  3. Real Gas: Behavior of real gasees: Derivation from the ideal gas equation. The Virial equation. Andrew's experiment on CO2. Critical constants. Continuity of liquid and gaseous state. Vapour and gas. Boyle temperature. Van der Waal's equation of state for real gases. Values of critical constants. Law od corresponding states. Comparison with experiment. P-V diagrams.
      Thermodynamics
  4. Thermodynamic Potentials: Generic conditions of stable equilibrium for (V,T) and (P,T) systems. Internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, Gibbs free energy. Use of Legendre transform in these cases. Properties and applications.
  5. Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations: Derivation and applications: (i) TdS equations, (ii) Difference of specific heats Cp−Cv, (iii) Variation of specific heats (∂CV/∂V)T and (∂CP/∂P)T, (iv) Ratios of volume expansivity βX where X=P or S, pressure coefficients αX where X=V or S, compressibilities (or its reciprocal Bulk moduli) κX where X=T or S, in terms of Cp/Cv. Change of temperature during Adiabatic Process; Joule-Thomson effect. Porous plug experiment: Throttling process. Joule-Thomson effect for ideal and real gases. Temperature of inversion. Joule-Thomson cooling.
  6. Phase transition: Classification of phase transitions; First order phase transitions: Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Second latent heat equation; Continuous phase transitions: Ehrenfest’s equation.
  7. Radiation: Classical and quantum aspects: Properties of thermal radiation. Black-body radiation. Temperature dependence. Kirchhoff’s law. Stefan-Boltzmann law: thermodynamic proof. Calculation of energy density and pressure of radiation from thermodynamics. Spectral distribution of black-body radiation. Rayleigh-Jeans law and the ultraviolet catastrophe, Planck’s quantum postulates. Planck’s law of black-body radiation. Deduction of Rayleigh-Jeans law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law.

Study Materials

  1. Heat and Thermodynamics - M.W. Zemansky & R.H. Dittman (6th Edition) (Main Book for TD).
  2. Thermostatistics and Thermodynamics - H.B. Callen (TD Potentials).
  3. Statistical Physics Part-1 (Vol 5) - L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz (Phase Transition).
  4. Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics - F. Reif (Best TD Reference Book).
  5. Advanced Text Book On Heat - P.K. Chakrabarti (Main Book for Heat).
  6. Thermal Physics (Heat & Thermodynamics) - A.B. Gupta and H.P.Roy (Best Heat Reference Book). .
  7. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics - Sears & Salinger.
  8. Thermodynamics - E. Fermi.
  9. Elements of Classical Thermodynamics - A.B. Pippard.
  10. Concepts in Thermal Physics - S.J. Blundell and K.M. Blundell.
  11. Feynman Lectures on Physics (Vol 1) - R.P. Feynman.