Introduction to Thermodynamics

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Lectures

  • Lecture 0. [Invitation to Heat & Thermodynamics]
  • Lecture 1. [Thermometry & Calorimetry]
  • Lecture 2. [Introduction to Kinetic Theory]
  • Lecture 3. [Solid Angle Concepts]
  • Lecture 4. [Pressure using Solid Angle]
  • Lecture 5. [Gas Laws]
  • Lecture 6. [Maxwell Distribution]
  • Lecture 7. [Cm, Cavg, Crms]
  • Lecture 8. [Energy & Momentum Distribution]
  • Lecture 9. [Degrees of Freedom]
  • Lecture 10. [Mean Free Path]
  • Lecture 11. [Gas laws using Mean Free Path]
  • Lecture 12. [Zeroth Law and Thermodynamic systems]
  • Lecture 13. [Equivalent PVT Systems]
  • Lecture 14. [First & Second Law of Thermodynamics]
  • Lecture 15. [Carnot's Theorem & Carnot Engine]
  • Lecture 16. [Entropy, Disorder, Information]
  • Lecture 17. [Practical Engines]

Numerical Problems

Remarks

  1. Course webpage of Thermal Physics (Heat) .
  2. Experiments with Newtonian (water) and Non-Newtonian (Oobleck) fluids - fun with science.
  3. The major difference between free expansion and natural process (isothermal or adiabatic) is that the state (entropy) of the heat source (surrounding) does not change, so change in entropy of universe = change in entropy gained/lost by object + change in entropy gained/lost by heat source (=0) = change in entropy gained/lost by object.
  4. Read about Clausius Inequality ∮ dQ/T ≤ 0.
  5. Shannon's 1948 paper on entropy: PartI-2 Page-4 (The Discrete Source Of Information) .

Topics

  1. Kinetic Theory: Macroscopic and microscopic description of matter, Postulates of molecular kinetic theory of an ideal gas, Relation between microscopic and macroscopic state variables, Maxwell’s velocity distribution, Concept of pressure and temperature.
  2. Zeroth and First Law of Thermodynamics: Extensive and intensive thermodynamic variables. Thermodynamic equilibrium, zeroth law of Thermodynamics & concept of temperature. Conceptof work & heat, State Functions, internal energy and first law of Thermodynamics, its differential form, first law & various processes. Applications of first law: General relation between CP and CV, work done during isothermal and adiabatic processes, compressibility and expansion coefficient.
  3. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible process with examples. Interconversion of work and heat. Heat engines. Carnot’s cycle, Carnot engine & efficiency. Refrigerator & coefficient of performance, Kelvin-Planck and Clausius statements for the second law and their equivalence. Carnot’s Theorem. Applications of second law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic scale of temperature and its equivalence to perfect gas scale.
  4. Entropy: Concept of Entropy, Clausius Theorem. Clausius Inequality, Second Law of Thermodynamics in terms of Entropy. Entropy of a perfect gas. Principle of Increase of Entropy. Entropy Changes in Reversible and Irreversible processes with examples. Entropy of the Universe. Entropy Changes in Reversible and Irreversible Processes. Principle of Increase of Entropy. Temperature-Entropy diagrams for Cycle. Third Law of Thermodynamics. Unattainability of Absolute Zero.

Study Materials

  1. Heat and Thermodynamics - M.W. Zemansky & R.H. Dittman (6th Edition) (Main Book for TD).
  2. Thermostatistics and Thermodynamics - H.B. Callen (TD Potentials).
  3. Statistical Physics Part-1 (Vol 5) - L.D. Landau and E.M. Lifshitz (Phase Transition).
  4. Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics - F. Reif (Best TD Reference Book).
  5. Advanced Text Book On Heat - P.K. Chakrabarti (Main Book for Heat).
  6. Thermal Physics (Heat & Thermodynamics) - A.B. Gupta and H.P.Roy (Best Heat Reference Book). .
  7. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics - Sears & Salinger.
  8. Thermodynamics - E. Fermi.
  9. Elements of Classical Thermodynamics - A.B. Pippard.
  10. Concepts in Thermal Physics - S.J. Blundell and K.M. Blundell.
  11. Feynman Lectures on Physics (Vol 1) - R.P. Feynman.