Waves & Optics

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Lectures

  • Lecture 0. [Invitation to Optics]
  • Lecture 1. [Classification of Diffraction]
  • Lecture 2. [Fresnel Diffraction]
  • Lecture 3. [Zone Plate]
  • Lecture 4. [Fresnel Diffraction Integral]
  • Lecture 5. [Fraunhofer Diffraction]
  • Lecture 6. [Double Slit]
  • Lecture 7. [Transmission Grating]
  • Lecture 8. [Dispersive & Resolving Power]
  • Lecture 9. [SHM & DHM]
  • Lecture 10. [FHM & Resonance]
  • Lecture 11. [Wave Equation]
  • Lecture 12. [Superposition of Waves & Oscillations]

Numerical Problems

Study Materials

  1. Optics - Ajay Ghatak.
  2. Principles of Optics - Max Born and Emil Wolf.
  3. Fundamentals of Optics - F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White.
  4. Waves: Berkeley Physics Course (Vol.3) - Francis Crawford.
  5. The Principles of Physical Optics - Ernst Mach.
  6. Vibrations and Waves - A.P. French.
  7. Optics - Eugene Hecht.
  8. Principles of Optics - B.K.Mathur.
  9. Waves and Oscillations - N.K.Bajaj / N. Subrahmanyam & Brij Lal.
  10. The Physics of Vibrations and Waves - H.J.Pain.

Topics

  1. Diffraction:
    • Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel’s Half-Period Zones for plane wave. Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light. Theory of a Zone Plate: Multiple Foci of a Zone Plate.
    • Fraunhofer Diffraction: Single slit. Double Slit and Diffraction Grating. Resolving Power of grating. Rayleigh criterion for resolution. Circular aperture (qualitative discussion only).

  2. Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves. Plane Progressive (Traveling) Waves. Wave Equation for travelling waves . Particle and Wave Velocities. (Solution of spherical wave equation may be assumed)

  3. Oscillations: Differential equation of simple harmonic oscillation and solution. Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy & their time average values. Damped and forced oscillations: Transient and steady states, resonance, sharpness of resonance, power dissipation and Quality factor.

  4. Superposition of Harmonic Oscillations: Superposition of two collinear Harmonic oscillations having equal frequencies and different frequencies (beats). Superposition of two Perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations for phase difference Δ = 0, π, 2π : Graphical and analytical methods, Lissajous' figures with equal and unequal frequency and their uses.

Remarks

  • Typical transmission grating costs 150-200$ + shipping, roughly 15K INR. Typical replica grating in India costs Rs.500/-.